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Prospective Studies Show Epidurals Cause Cesarean Sections

The Best Thing You Can Do for Mothers, Babies, Birth and Families is to Become Net Savvy!

I just had my mind expanded this morning by Laureen Hudson's hour long online session on how to use the internet to get a message out. Laureen's session “Creating an Online Presence," gave me a wealth of information in a short time and impressed me with how many people are out there who completely rely on the internet for their information. I needed that, and maybe you do, too.  

  - Ina May Gaskin 

 I just hung up the phone from doing the hour long session with Laureen Hudson on “Creating an Online Presence”.  Laureen’s know-how and expertise were enough to wake up even the birth oldtimers like me and Ina May to the many unused opportunities of the internet.  Laureen’s engaging and easygoing teaching style made even those scary (to me) terms like “hypertext, streaming, wordpress, technorati, feedreader and trackback” start to make sense.  Her passion is to reach the generation of young women who have not yet given birth BEFORE they fall into the black hole of aggressive obstetrics.  I came away from the class today with lots of ways to improve my website and make it more modern, usable and interesting for readers.  This class will run again this coming Friday (August 22) and I heartily recommend it.  
- Gloria Lemay


 
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Sunday, September 7 at 5:00 p.m. Pacific / 8:00 p.m. Eastern
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Monday, September 22 at 9:00 a.m. Pacific / 12:00 p.m. Eastern 

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This session will include a case study of Dr. Amy and how we shoot ourselves in the collective feet by visiting and commenting on her website.  (PS Hope you enjoyed the Gotcha! page from our last email!)
Sunday, October 5 at 5:00 p.m. Pacific / 8:00 p.m. Eastern
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Monday, October 27 at 9:00 a.m. Pacific / 12:00 p.m. Eastern   

In referencing Thorp, I meant to reference his meta-analysis of studies about epidurals (Birth, volume 23, no. 2, June 1996) and not just his own 1989 and 1993 studies.

My point was that prospective trials are being done (not just by Thorp) and that they are all showing from 2 to 4 times greater cesareans for epidurals compared to narcotic analgesia. Imagine what the difference would be if the control group were mothers having labor support, doulas, and/or home births!

I wanted to summarize for you the prospective studies.

Prospective Clinical Trials Investigating the Association between Epidural Analgesia and Cesarean Birth Rates by Randomizing Women to a Narcotic versus an Epidural Group:

Reference and Parity      Sample Size      Relative Risk of Cesarean
                                              Birth with Epidural
                                              Analgesia (95% CI)

1.  Combined                      111          2.8  (0.8-10.0)
2.  Nulliparous                    93         11.4  (5.8-16.9)*
3.  Nulliparous**                 693          2.6  (1.5-4.3)*
     Parous**                     637          3.8  (1.3-11.0)*
     Combined***                  869          2.3  (1.3-4.0)*
All three prospective
     trials combined             1073          2.5  (1.6-4.0)****,*

* Relative risk is statistically significant at least at p < 0.05
** This represents the odds ratio for all women in the study adjusted by
multivariate logistic regression analysis.
*** The cesarean birth rate was significantly greater (p = 0.002) in the
epidural group (9%, 39/432) compared with the narcotic group (4%, 17/437).
**** Comparison of the proportions by Mantel-Haenszel yields a chi-squared of
18.1 and a p-value of 0.00003.
  1. Phillipsen T, Jensen NH. Epidural block or parenteral pethidine as analgesic on nulliparous labor; a randomized study concerning progress in labour and instrumental deliveries. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1989; 30:27-33.
  2. Thorp JA, Hu DH, Albin RM. The effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on nulliparous labor: A randomized prospective trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169:851-858.
  3. Ramin SM, Gambling DR, Lucas MJ. Randomized trial of epidural versus intravenous analgesia during labor. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 86:783-789.
The so-called studies on epidurals and cesareans that are getting all the recent popular press are all retrospective and incredibly weaker methodologies than the above studies, though we have not gotten our hands on all of them and are inferring the weakness from the press release and from what we have heard from others about how the studies were done.


This Web page is referenced from another page containing related information about Epidurals and Other Drugs

 




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